The Importance of Structure in Photovoltaic Installations and the Design Loads for Their Sizing
When designing photovoltaic installations, the focus is usually on the solar modules and their generation capacity. However, a critical component that is often underestimated is the structure. It not only physically supports the panels, but also ensures optimal orientation, resistance to adverse environmental conditions, and long-term durability. A failure in these structures can compromise the entire system, both in terms of safety and energy efficiency.
Underestimation of Structural Design
Some photovoltaic installations exhibit structural deficiencies due to poor design or incorrect application of regulations. This can result in:
- Modules detaching due to wind gusts
- Deformations caused by thermal or snow loads
- Overloads on roofs that are not adequately prepared
- Collapse risks in seismic zones
These failures, in addition to affecting energy production, also pose a safety risk to people.
Fundamentals of Structural Calculation
To avoid these issues, structural design must follow a rigorous regulatory methodology. In Europe, the reference framework is the Eurocode (EN 1990 to EN 1999), which defines:
- Types of actions: permanent, variable, accidental, and indirect
- Safety and combination factors
- Material requirements and calculation methods
The most relevant loads include:
- Dead load: the weight of the modules and structure
- Wind load: especially critical on rooftops and elevated structures
- Snow load: significant in cold regions
- Thermal loads: expansion due to solar exposure
- Seismic loads: in areas with tectonic activity
Types of Photovoltaic Structures
1. Rooftop Structures (Coplanar)
Installed directly on existing roofs. They must be compatible with the roof, avoiding excessive overload and maintaining waterproofing. They must resist wind pressure and thermal expansion.
2. Triangle Structures
Ideal for flat roofs, allowing optimal orientation without altering the roof’s slope. They can be fixed using mechanical anchors or non-penetrating systems:
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Ballasted system: structure optimized to work with ballast, without roof perforation
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Counterweight system: weights are added to a structure not designed for them, which can cause overloads if not properly analyzed
3. Ground-Mounted Structures
Used in solar farms, they require foundations adapted to the terrain. Wind exposure, snow accumulation, seismic activity, and thermal expansion must all be considered.
4. Solar Carports
Elevated structures that combine energy generation and vehicle protection. They must withstand horizontal loads, accidental impacts, and meet aesthetic and accessibility criteria.
Our Solution: Comprehensive and Optimized Structural Design
At SUNFER, structural design for photovoltaic installations is approached with a comprehensive methodology combining advanced engineering, regulatory compliance, and resource optimization. This includes:
- Tailored regulatory analysis: Eurocode and local standards are applied based on the project’s location
- 3D structural modeling: simulates wind, snow, and seismic loads to predict real structural behavior
- Geometric optimization: we design structures that minimize material use without compromising safety
- Non-penetrating solutions: for sensitive roofs, we offer ballasted systems that avoid drilling where it’s not permitted
- Preliminary structural audit: we assess the load-bearing capacity of the roof or ground before defining the structural solution
- Complete technical documentation: calculation reports, drawings, and regulatory compliance certificates are provided
Thanks to this methodology, those who choose SUNFER structures benefit from:
- Safer, more durable installations
- Reduced costs by avoiding unnecessary oversizing
- Increased energy efficiency due to optimal orientation
- Less impact on existing structures
- Guaranteed compliance with local and international standards
Ultimately, a well-designed structure is key to ensuring the safety, efficiency, and durability of any installation. At SUNFER, we combine engineering, innovation, and experience to deliver optimized structural solutions, tailored to each project and aligned with the most demanding standards.
At Vico Export Solar Energy, we offer a wide range of SUNFER structures for rooftops, both coplanar and inclined, adapted to all types of photovoltaic projects.
We provide certified and optimized solutions to ensure the safety, efficiency, and durability of every installation.
Visit our online store to find the ideal structure for your next project, or contact our team for personalized advice and select the most suitable structural solution based on your project’s specific requirements.